In the last two decades, neuroendoscopy has evolved from a fringe neurosurgical tool to an established subspecialty focusing on the treatment of diverse cranial and spinal diseases. Today, neuroendoscopic technology is widely used to treat supratentorial diseases, skull base pathologies, craniocervical diseases, and spinal pathologies. Despite the expanded use of neuroendoscopy across several subspecialties, its benefits and disadvantages versus those of traditional microsurgical methods remain highly controversial. Contradictory evidence in the neurosurgical literature adds to the surgical decision-making challenges for veteran and novice practitioners alike.
